Before the disciples arguing about who was the greatest among them, Jesus educates them by placing a child before their eyes. This is the measure of their greatness.

So: acceptance and littleness are the credentials for the Kingdom.

Small in stature, but truly endowed with that littleness that makes one a child at heart.

Francis was always concerned not to scandalise the little ones that Jesus speaks of in the Gospel.

The authority of the Sources informs us:

"Often thinking of the scandal given to the little ones, he felt an immense sadness, to the point of believing that he would have died of grief, if the divine goodness had not sustained him with its comfort" (FF 1139).

Francis himself described himself as "I, small and simple, inexperienced in speaking, have received the grace of prayer more than that of preaching [...].

In prayer we speak to God, we listen to him, and we remain in the midst of the angels" (FF 1204).

Again: "Nothing else did he possess, the Poor Man of Christ, but two pennies that he could bestow with liberal charity: his body and soul" (FF 1167).

And to his brothers he taught and recommended littleness in every happy or sad affair:

"Scarcity itself was for them abundance and superabundance, while, according to the advice of the Wise One, they took pleasure not in greatness, but in the smallest things" (FF 1075).

Oh what great love he had for the Angels!

The Franciscan Sources tell us that "to the angelic spirits, who burn with a marvellous fire, which inflames the souls of the elect and makes them penetrate into God, he was united by an unbreakable bond of love [...].

For blessed Michael the Archangel, since he has the task of presenting souls to God, he nurtured special devotion and love, dictated by his fervent zeal for the salvation of souls" (FF 1166).

«Beware of despising a single one of these little ones, for I say to you that their angels in heaven ceaselessly see the face of the Father in heaven» (Mt 18:10)

Holy Guardian Angels, 2 October

In these verses from chapter nine, the Gospel of Luke highlights the conditions necessary to follow Jesus and His bare, poor and wandering life.

«Foxes have dens and birds of the air have nests, but the Son of Man has nowhere to lay his head» (Lk 9:58).

Francis, a true lover and imitator of Him, followed in His footsteps, living his life of faith in poverty and precariousness, because he understood clearly that following Him in His call meant abandoning everything else.

The Sources recount that the Minims, in their Letter to the whole Order, expressed themselves thus:

"Brother Francis, a man of little account and frailty, your little servant, wishes you health in Him who redeemed us and washed us in His most precious blood.

Hearing his name, adore him with fear and reverence, prostrate on the ground: Lord Jesus Christ, Son of the Most High is his name, blessed for ever and ever" (FF 215).

The Poverello always presented Jesus as the One who had nowhere to settle; in fact, the Son of God showed the precarious nature of his life in every circumstance.

Enamoured with poverty, Francis addressed his friars with the words of Luke 9:58:

"[Thus] he taught the friars to build poor little houses [...] to live in them not as their own homes, but as in the homes of others, as pilgrims and strangers.

He said that the code of pilgrims is this:

'Gather under the roof of others, feel thirst for your homeland, pass away in peace'" (FF1120).

And since he repeated that those who do his works are children of God, the Poor Man of Assisi distinguished himself as a child, and in the Spirit he performed many healings.

"People of all ages and both sexes ran to see and listen to this new man, given by heaven to the world.

He travelled through various regions, fervently proclaiming the Gospel, and the Lord cooperated, confirming the Word with the miracles that accompanied him.

In fact, in the name of the Lord, Francis, preacher of the truth, cast out demons, healed the sick, and, even more amazingly, with the power of his words, he softened and moved the stubborn to repentance and, at the same time, restored health to bodies and hearts" (FF 1212).

Clare herself, in her Letters to Blessed Agnes of Prague, takes up the theme of the precarious dimension of Christ and therefore of discipleship.

"O blessed poverty! To those who love and embrace you, you procure eternal riches...

O pious poverty! The Lord Jesus Christ, in whose power were and are heaven and earth, since a mere nod of his word was enough and all things were created, deigned to embrace you in preference to all other things. For he said:

Foxes have their dens, birds of the sky have their nests, but the Son of Man, that is, Christ, has nowhere to lay his head, and when he laid it on his chest, it was to breathe his last" (FF 2864 - First Letter).

In their radical following of Christ, the two champions of poverty had acquired the freedom to be influenced by nothing but Christ.

Wednesday, 26th wk. in Ordinary Time  (Lk 9:57-62)

Luke presents Jesus proceeding firmly and courageously towards Jerusalem.

For this reason a village of Samaritans did not want to receive him.

The disciples intend to react to the inhospitality shown, but Jesus takes them back, understanding the mission he was fulfilling.

The open window of the Sources tells us interesting things about this.

In his writings, Francis taught his brothers to persevere with patience when they were not accepted, going elsewhere, for love of Christ who suffered the same things.

The Sources - specifically the Regola non bollata (1221) - says:

"And let all the brothers, wherever they are, remember that they have given themselves and abandoned their bodies to our Lord Jesus Christ.

And for his love they must expose themselves to enemies both visible and invisible, for the Lord says:

'He who loses his soul for my sake will save it for eternal life'" (FF 45).

And again in Admonitions:

"Let us look closely, brothers and sisters, at the good shepherd who, in order to save his sheep, endured the passion of the cross.

The Lord's sheep followed him in tribulation and persecution, in ignominy and hunger, in infirmity and temptation and other such things; and they received from the Lord eternal life in return" (FF 155).

On the other hand, Francis, to Brother Leo himself, will teach that when we are not received, remaining in patience, we are in perfect joy:

"And I always stand at the door and say, 'For God's sake receive me for this night.'

And he replies: 'I will not. Go to the place of the Cruciferous and ask there."

"Well, if I have been patient and have not been disturbed, I say to you that here is true joy and here is true virtue and salvation of the soul" ( FF 278).

Jesus, in fact, goes further, where he encounters rejection, rebuking his own who find it hard to accept non-acceptance.

Francis follows it as Providence.

«He hardened his Face to depart towards Jerusalem. And he sent angels before his face» (Lk 9:51b-52)

Tuesday 26th wk. in O.T. (Lk 9,51-56)

The passage from the Gospel of John introduces us to the feast of Saints Michael, Gabriel and Raphael, archangels entrusted with special missions among men.

Jesus refers to them in his conversation with Nathanael about his divinity:

«You will see heaven open and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man» (Jn 1:51b).

Francis of Assisi had a special devotion to the Angels, so much so that he chose the Church of St. Mary of the Angels, a place of singular graces, as his small portion to live in.

The Sources, testimony to the life of the Poverello and all the friars, inform us.

"He venerated the Angels with the greatest affection, who are with us on the battlefield and walk with us in the shadow of death.

'We must venerate,' he said, 'these companions who follow us everywhere and likewise invoke them as guardians'.

He taught that we must not offend their gaze, nor dare to do in their presence what we would not do in front of men.

And precisely because psalms are sung in choir before the Angels, he wanted everyone who could to gather in the oratory* and sing psalms there with devotion.

He often repeated that Blessed Michael should be honoured in a more solemn manner because he has the task of presenting souls to God.

Therefore, in honour of St. Michael, between the feast of the Assumption and his own feast day, he fasted with the utmost devotion for forty days. And he said:

"Everyone should offer God a tribute of praise or some other special gift in honour of such a glorious prince" (FF 785).

And, regarding the Porziuncola:

"There he often enjoyed the visit of Angels, as the name of the church itself seemed to indicate, called since ancient times Santa Maria degli Angeli.

Therefore, he chose it as his residence because of his veneration for the Angels and his special love for the Mother of Christ.

The Saint loved this place more than any other place in the world. Here, in fact, he experienced the humility of his beginnings; here he progressed in virtue; here he happily reached his goal.

At the time of his death, he recommended this place to the friars as the place most dear to the Virgin" (FF 1048).

We can believe him, because Francis was an «Israelite in whom there is no deceit».

• Oratory = a place reserved for the prayer of religious or the choir of the church.

Today's Gospel reading presents us with three important existential dimensions that Francis held in high regard.

The parable of poor Lazarus and the immoderate rich man evokes the diligent use of riches, concern for the needy, and is a call to conversion, since after death, individual judgement will be irreversible.

Francis, the Poor Man of Assisi, always had this Gospel image before his eyes, which led him to turn his heart more fully towards God and the poor.

The Sources attest that, from the beginning of his journey:

"(Francis) had always helped the needy, but from that moment on he firmly resolved never to refuse alms to the poor who asked for them for the love of God, and indeed to give spontaneously and generously.

Whenever Francis was away from home, he would give money to any poor person who asked him for charity; if he had none, he would give them his hat or belt, so as not to send them away empty-handed.

Or, if he had neither, he would withdraw to a secluded place, take off his shirt and secretly give it to the poor man, begging him to take it for the love of God.

He bought tools that churches needed and secretly gave them to poor priests" (FF 1403).

Furthermore, the Legend of the Three Companions informs us:

"Divine grace had profoundly changed him. Although he did not wear a religious habit, he longed to find himself unknown in some city, where he could exchange his clothes for the rags of a beggar and try begging himself for the love of God" (FF 1405).

The Minim knew that what he gave to the poor was given to Christ himself and that a single glass of water given to those little ones and marginalised people was offered to Jesus.

The encounter with the leper in the plain of Assisi had, in fact, transformed bitterness into true sweetness in him.

Francis feared divine judgement and desired to respond to what the Word of God asked of him.

He was truly the Poor Man made bread, the Jester made mercy, the Generous One who regenerates hope.

Assisi had become for him the table of Charity on which to place love and forgiveness; a welcome for the unconsidered - an unknown number for the rich gluttons of the time, cleared through customs by his evangelical life.

We read in the Sources:

"[the friars] despised [...] all ephemeral goods, coveted by the lovers of this world.

Above all, they opposed money, trampling it like the dust of the road.

Francis had taught them that money was worth no more than donkey dung.

The more they were separated from the world, the more they clung to God.

They advanced along the way of the cross and the paths of justice: they removed every obstacle from the narrow path of penance and evangelical observance, in order to leave a smooth and safe road for those who would follow them" (FF 1454).

Chiara herself, from an early age, deprived her body of food to give it to the poor, maintaining this attitude of care and special concern for the needy throughout her life.

Both made intelligent, evangelical use of the goods at their disposal in the service of the Kingdom of God.

«Son, remember that you received your good things in your lifetime, and Lazarus likewise received evil things; but now he is comforted here, and you are tortured» (Lk 16:25)

The little Poor Man always exhorted his friars to be merciful to every form of poverty, because judgement does not grant full life to those who do not recognise it in their brothers.

«Now there was a rich man who was clothed in purple and fine linen and who feasted sumptuously every day. But a poor man named Lazarus lay at his gate, covered with sores and longing to be fed with what fell from the rich man's table» (Lk 16:19-20)

Sunday 26th in O.T. year C  (Lk 16:19-31)

The Gospel of Luke speaks today of the second announcement of the Passion of Jesus.

He sought to prepare the disciples for the consummation of his Paschal Mystery, but they struggled to understand, they did not grasp the meaning of what the Lord was expressing.

Just as Jesus is faced with the disciples' incomprehension before the mystery of his death, so Francis has before him, at the end of his life, the bewilderment of his brothers.

In the Sources:

"He summoned all the brothers present in the house, and seeking to soothe the grief they showed at his death, he exhorted them with fatherly affection to the love of God [...].

"Farewell," he said, "all you my sons, live in the fear of the Lord and keep yourselves in it always!

And since the hour of trial and tribulation draws near, blessed are those who persevere in what they have undertaken!

For I hasten to God and commend you all to his grace'.

And he also blessed all the brothers, wherever they were in the world, and those who would come after them until the end of the ages" (FF 806).

"While the brothers shed bitter tears and lamented in despair [...] He also wanted the books of the Gospels and asked that they read to him the Gospel according to John [...]" (FF 808).

And again:

"He then turned to the doctor:

"Courage, Brother Doctor, tell me that death is imminent: for me it will be the door of life!".

And to the friars:

"When you see me reduced to the extreme, expose me naked on the earth as you saw me the day before yesterday, and after I am dead, let me lie like this for the time necessary to comfortably cover a mile".

At last his hour came, and all the mysteries of Christ having been fulfilled in him, he departed happily to God" (FF 810).

«Put these words in your ears, for the Son of Man is about to be delivered into the hands of men» (Lk 9:44)

Saturday of the 25th wk. in O.T.  (Lk 9,43b-45)

Before the people who mistake him for the Baptist or Elijah or one of the prophets,

Jesus asks his own:

«But who do you say that I am?» (Lk 9:20).

And then he reminds his disciples that the Son of Man will have to suffer much.

Francis of Assisi often spoke to his brothers of the sufferings endured by Christ, of his Passion, for which he wept much.

He testified to his faith in Jesus, the Son of God, with great fervour.

Indeed, "he taught them [...] to confess frankly the truth of the faith, as the Holy Roman Church holds and teaches it.

They observed the teachings of their holy father in all things and, as soon as they saw some church from afar, or some cross, they turned towards it, prostrating themselves humbly on the ground and praying according to the form indicated to them" (FF 1069).

The Sources teach us in this regard:

"He meditated continually on the Lord's words and never lost sight of his works.

But above all, the humility of the Incarnation and the charity of the Passion were so deeply imprinted in his memory that he could hardly think of anything else' (FF 467).

And in his writings:

"To him who suffered so much for us, who has bestowed and will bestow so much good on us in the future [...] He who alone is good, alone most high, alone omnipotent, admirable [...] worthy of praise and blessed for ever and ever. Amen" (FF 202).

Again: "The compassion of the Crucified One became fixed in his holy soul and [...] the venerable stigmata of the Passion, although not yet in the flesh, became deeply impressed in his heart [...] and he can no longer hold back his tears and weeps even aloud the passion of Christ, which is always before his eyes.

He fills the streets with groans, refusing to be consoled by the memory of Christ's wounds.

He met, one day, a close friend of his, and having manifested to him the cause of his grief, immediately he too burst into bitter tears" (FF 594).

The thought that Jesus in us had yet to suffer much tormented him, making him aware of this Mystery day and night.

Friday of the 25th wk. in O.T. (Lk 9,18-22)

The few verses of chapter nine of Luke, taken up in today's liturgy, shed light on Herod's dilemma concerning Jesus:

«John, I have had him beheaded; now who is he of whom I hear such things?» (Lk 9:9).

And he wanted to see him!

In the Franciscan Sources we find passages that reveal how

people did not stop questioning the Poverello.

After his conversion, Francis of Assisi was clothed by God with singular charisms that he held in the humility of hiddenness.

But the wonders the Lord performed through the Poverello spoke for him.

His simple life in the footsteps of Christ aroused amazement and bewilderment. People did not cease to wonder about his person and what he accomplished.

The Sources enlighten:

"Even the sick who ate the bread touched by the man of God quickly obtained healing by divine intervention" (FF 1220).

"Since the herald of Christ was famous for these and many other prodigies, people paid attention to his words, as if an Angel of the Lord were speaking.

Indeed, the prerogative of the lofty virtues, the spirit of prophecy, the thaumaturgical power, the mission to preach coming from Heaven, the obedience of creatures deprived of reason, the sudden conversions of hearts brought about by hearing his word, the knowledge infused by the Holy Spirit and superior to human doctrine, the authorisation to preach granted by the Supreme Pontiff by divine revelation, as well as the Rule, which defines the form of preaching, confirmed by the Vicar of Christ himself and, finally, the signs of the Supreme King impressed like a seal in his body, are like ten testimonies for the whole world and confirm without a shadow of doubt that Francis, the herald of Christ, is worthy of veneration for the mission he received, authentic in the doctrine he taught, admirable for his holiness and that, therefore, he preached the Gospel of Christ as a true envoy of God" (FF 1221).

Even today, all this raises questions: «Who, then, is he?».

The Sources add: "that Wisdom which is nobler than all motion and penetrates everywhere by its purity, communicates itself to holy souls and forms God's friends and prophets" (FF 1202).

Thursday of the 25th wk. in O.T.  (Lk 9,7-9)

The Liturgy proposes to us the sending of the Twelve to proclaim the Kingdom of God and to heal the sick.

After repairing the Church of St Mary of the Angels, hearing a Gospel passage proclaiming the Good News, Francis leaves everything and accepts Christ's mandate.

In the Franciscan Sources we find on this subject:

"One day when the Gospel passage was being read in this church concerning the mandate given to the Apostles to preach, the Saint, who was present and had only guessed the general meaning, after Mass, asked the priest to explain the passage to him.

The priest commented on it to him point by point, and Francis, hearing that the disciples of Christ must possess neither gold, nor silver, nor money, nor saddlebags, nor bread, nor staff for the road, nor have shoes, nor two tunics, but only preach the Kingdom of God and penance [Lk 9:1-6], immediately, exulting in the Holy Spirit, exclaimed:

"This I want, this I ask, this I long to do with all my heart!".

The holy father then hastens, all full of joy, to carry out the salutary admonition; he bears no delay in faithfully putting into practice what he has heard: he loosens his shoes from his feet, abandons his staff, makes do with a single tunic, and replaces his belt with a cord.

From that instant, he makes for himself a robe that reproduces the image of the cross, to keep away the devil's seductions; he makes it very rough, to crucify the flesh and all its vices and sins, and so poor and coarse that the world cannot envy him" (FF 356).

"In certain regions they were welcomed, but without allowing them to build dwellings. Elsewhere, they were driven out, for fear that they were heretics" (FF 1475).

«And he sent them out preaching the kingdom of God and to heal [the sick]» (Lk 9:2)

Wednesday, 25th wk. in O.T.  (Lk 9,1-6)